t the second annual military-industrial conference on atomic energy in 1956, 1,200 attendees met in Chicago to discuss "nuclear politics." With wartime head of the famed Manhattan Project, General Leslie Groves (shown here, pointing), leading the way, attendees debated how to disperse the country's industrial capacity away from target-rich metropolitan areas. While convinced that the doctrine of MAD (mutually assured destruction) would probably prevent atomic Armageddon between the superpowers, attendees advocated building thousands of fallout shelters to protect people.